
Lucio Fontana
LUCIO FONTANA
Rosario de Santa Fe (Argentina), 1899 - Milan, 1968
The creator of Spatialism, a painter of holes, and a creator of slashes in the canvas, Lucio Fontana marked an era in the history of Italian art. Born in Argentina, he moved to Italy in 1917-1918, enlisting as a volunteer in the First World War. He decided to devote himself to art, attending courses at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts in Milan under the Symbolist Adolfo Wildt. Fontana
However, he distances himself from the master's teachings and from the plastic figuration practiced by the Novecento group, to follow his own path, mixing painting and sculpture towards a new dimension: nothingness, the void beyond the canvas.
It was the 1930s and his intention to act "spatially" in relation to architecture was already evident, working in collaboration with several architects of the new generation (Luigi Figini, Gino Pollini, BBPR, Luciano Baldessari). At the same time, he devoted himself to ceramics in Albisola, returning to a more figurative expression, dealing with plant and animal themes. This was followed by a so-
Argentinean day, from 1940 to 1947, in which he deepens the elaboration of matter, colour, light, form and space, and writes the White Manifesto (1946).
By now, "space art" was established: the "holes" appeared in 1949, and ten years later, the "cuts" arrived, perforating the canvas to create a cosmic dimension of space. These physical marks on the canvas correspond, in his spatial environments, to the insertion of neon light.
The "ambient work" is the affirmation of total engagement with space, a unity between object, matter, and volume. Fontana initially created "black environments" with the application of Wood's black light (the first was created for the exhibition at the Galleria Il Naviglio in Milan in 1949). From the 1966 Biennale onward, the artist decided to use a "white" solution, total light. In 1968
For Documenta 4 in Kassel, he created Ambiente spaziale, an entirely white labyrinth that leads to a "cut" in white plaster. The same labyrinth, after Fontana's death that same year, was recreated in wood in 1974 for the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo in Caracas, to which his wife donated the original plaster panel with the cut.

